ABSTRACT
The role of retreatment in recent years has widened thanks to new techniques and equipment that allow us to resolve complex clinical cases with multiple pathologies. Teeth with iatrogenic problems such as perforations, large foramens, resorptions, internal and external transportations, posts, broken instruments, etc. are treated successfully and the role of the new cements has been fundamental for their resolution in the NSCRT. It was once more common but even today, compromised teeth are too often extracted and replaced with implants. Now the problem is completely different thanks to the incredible developments in endo treatment, particularly in relation to root perforations. Implants are a wonderful solution when we have to treat hopeless teeth but the decision-making is the most important step in our treatment and today we can treat perforations in a predictable way.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Decision-making process between retreatment and tooth extraction.
2. Root perforations: selection and indications of treatment.
3. Root perforation: technique and materials.
Graduated from the Milan Dental School in 1984.
Visiting professor for the dept of Endodontics of the S. Paolo Hospital in Milano.
Active member of the Italian Society of Endodontics, the Italian Accademy of Microscopic dentistry, Specialist Member of the ...
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